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  "Title": "Total Vulnerability Index",
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  "Comments": "From our collected data on the physical landscape of the coastal Chesapeake, we considered the following features as indicators of a community's physical vulnerability. These factors were also added together and normalized to 0-1. Then the total physical index is also normalized.\n\n●       Percent of tract area under 10 feet - This calculation approximates the amount of the tract that was deemed floodable by most average coastal flooding events, thereby suggesting the severity of this issue to the census tract community.\n\n●       Inverse of volume per area - This value is in part a modifier to elevation, which is believed to be one of the most critical values within this index. This ratio characterizes this floodable region, providing a factor describing relative degree of floodability of the sub-10 foot region, with lower ratios likely to be made up of more land closer to sea level than a higher ratio. The inversion calculation translates this to vulnerability.\n\n●       Percent of tract area under 10 feet that is developed - This calculation suggests the degree to which the most floodable area has development and therefore illustrates vulnerability.\n\n●       Percent of tract shoreline with high exposure (fetch) - Areas with higher fetch have more potential to drive greater waves to the shoreline and push increased amounts of water inland, thus increasing flood damage.\n\n●       Inverse of mean tidal range - This value was calculated using the SELFE model output (Zhang and Baptista, 2008). We took the mean value for each census tract shoreline. As described previously, the value was inversed given the belief that smaller normal tidal range suggests less adaptation to changing water levels at the shore.",
  "Subject": "Physical vulnerability based off of Tide Range (inverse), percent area under 3.05 m (10 ft or floodable area), Relative Wave Exposure (calculated using NOAA's WEMo tool), percent of area under 10 ft developed, and Volume/area of area under 10 ft (inv",
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  "Keywords": "coastal vulnerability,physical vulnerability,human geography,census tract"
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